Balagha Science Ma'ani

A. Definition

• Ma'aani plural of ma'na, lexically meaningful sense
• The term: science to find out the happenings pronunciation of the language that suits the demands of the situation and conditions
• Object of study is almost the same as science Nahwu. Only when discussing the meaning of science who Nahwu more bersifar simplex, is Ma'ani lbh besifat tarkibi

B. Study

• Sentences and their parts
o Musnad - Musnad ilaih
o ficil - mutaallaq

• Number
o Fashal
o Washal
o Ijaz
o Ithnab
o musawat

More details include 8 kinds of studies:
o isnad Khabary Happenings
o Musnad ilaih Happenings
o Musnad Happenings
o mutaaliqaatul fi'li Happenings
o Al-Qashr
o Al-Insha '
o Alfashal and alwashal
o Al-Ijaaz, al-ithnaab, and al-musaawah

Number = Sentence

1. Number Ismiyah
• Ismiyah: an amount (the sentence) which consists of mubtada 'and khabar.
• The function of the number ismiyah law is set something on something.
• These numbers do not work for tajaddud / renewal and istimrar / continuity (especially those shaped khabarnya fa'il or isim maf'ul.
• If khabarnya ficil shaped, then it contains a dimension of time (can be past, present, or future)
• Number ismiyah (nominal sentence), mubtada 'placed at the beginning of the sentence while the khabar is placed after
• If mubtada shaped nakirah (indefinitive) and khabar a preposition phrase, then the precedence khabar

2. Number Fi'liyah
• Number of fi'liyah: a sentence consisting of ficil and fa'il or ficil and naibul fa'il
• Contain the meaning of time restrictions (lampau. Medium, will). Ficil Every time there is only one barrier.
• When the ill need to be there qarinah ficil lafdziyah
• Markers time on isim need qarinah lafdhiyah
• ficil also can show the meaning tajaddud
• Number fi'liyah could also indicate a continuous and gradual changes in context and indicators (terms of mudhari fi'ilnya ')
• The number of fi'liyah (verbal phrase), ficil (verb) can form the active and passive.
• Characteristics depend on the number fi'liyah ficil. Madhi ficil shape the character (both positive and negative). While ficil mudhari 'form tajaddud (renewal)
• In addition to the structure, the sentence could also be classified in terms of content. In terms of content, both the number and fi'liyah ismiyah there we call the number mutsabatah (positive phrase) and the number manfiyah (negatives).
• Number mutsabatah (positive phrase) is a sentence that establishes the relationship between subject and predicate (both in number and amount ismiyah fi'liyah)
• Number manfiyah (negative sentences are sentences that negate / nullify the relationship between subject and predicate

Happenings Musnad AND Musnad ILAIH
• Amount (sentence) at least consist of two elements. The second element is that in science ma'aani Musnad and Musnad ilaih.
• In the science of usul fiqh: Musnad = mahkum BIH. Musnad ilaih = mahkum BIH
• DLM Arabic grammar there umdah fadlah = = principal and complementary. Fadllah = qayyid (in ma'aani)
• Position Musnad and Musnad ilaih vary depending on the form number / position in sentences and sentences
• Linkages between the Musnad and Musnad ilaih called isnad.
• isnad: penisbatan a word with another word that raises a legal determination on the others either be positive or negative.

A. Musnad ILAIH
• The lexical = leaning against him.
• In terms = mubtada having khabar, fa'il, naibul fa'il, and some of amyl nawasikh isim.
• Understanding others = words / the words attributed to him a law, employment, and state
• Position Musnad ilaih in the sentence:
• Fa'il
• Naib fa'il
• Mubtada '
• Ismu "kaana" and the like
• Ismu "inna" and the like
• The first Maf'ul "Dhanna" and the like
• The second Maf'ul from "ra'aa" and the like

B. Musnad
• Musnad = nature, ficil, or something that lean towards ilaih Musnad.
• Musnad be at the places:
o Khabar mubtada
o ficil tam
o isim verb
o Khabar "kaana" and the like
o Khabar "inna" and the like
o The second Maf'ul from "Dhanna" and the like
o Maf'ul third of the "ra'aa" and the like

C. Musnad Mema'rifatkan Ilaih
• With natural ISIM
• The permissible
• With isim isyarah
• With isim maushul
• With "Al"
• With idhofah
• With Nida '
• Mema'rifatkan with natural isim:
o Presenting the substance in the memory of listeners
o Glorifying / humiliating Musnad ilaih
o Optimistic / expect a good

• Mema'rifatkan with dhomir
o permissible mutakallim
o permissible mukhattab
o permissible in supernatural

• Mema'rifatkan with isim isyarah
o Describe the circumstances ilaih Musnad (far, medium, close)
o Remind bhwa Musnad ilaih deserve to have the properties that will be called
o Expressing degrees ilaiah Musnad (near, medium, far)
o Appears strange taste
o insinuating stupidity mukhatthab
o Reminding that the diisyarahkan worthy of particular properties.

• Mema'rifatkan with isim maushul:
o It is not good in a way clearly
o glorify
o Cultivating curiosity
o Keeping something from other than mukhatthab
o Remind error mukhatthab
o Remind errors than mukhatthab
o glorify the position of mahkum BIH
o Surprised: glamorize / insulting
o No mention of ethical self-
o Determining the reward / punishment
o Denouncing
o Demonstrate the overall
o Disguise
• Mema'rifatkan with "al"
o Mengisyarahkan fact anything, its meaning apart from the general rule - specifically
o Mengisyarahkan vague nature
o Mengisyarahkan every unit that could be covered by the language pronunciation
o Designate the entire unit under limited conditions
(Note: there is "al" lil AHDI and "al" liljinsi)
• Mema'rifatkan with idhafah
o As a way to bring brief Musnad ilaih at heart listener
o Avoiding trouble-count says
o Out of the demands put some over others
o glorify mudhaf and judhaf ilaih
o Underestimating
• Mema'rifatkan with Nida '
o If the special signs are not recognized by mukhatthab
o Mengisyarahkan the reason for something that is expected

D. Musnad MENAKIRAHKAN ILAIH
• Indicates the type of
• Demonstrate a lot
• Demonstrates little
• Keeping the case
• For the simplex meaning
• Explain the types / kinds

E. CALL Musnad ILAIH
• Al-idhah wat tafriq (explaining and distinguishing)
• Ghabwatul mukhatthab (assume mukhatthab incognizant)
• Taladzdzudz (to call)



F. DISPOSING Musnad ILAIH
• To summarize
• The maintenance of oral when calling
• Li al-hujnah (feel disgusted to call it)
• Li at-tamiim (generalization)
• Ikhfaul amri an ghairi mukhatthab (Musnad ilaih to hide other than mukhatthab)

KALAM KHABARI Happenings

• Kalam is a string of words that have a complete understanding. In the context of the science of kalam Balaghah there are two types: (1) kalam khabari and (2) kalam insya'I
• khabari Kalam is the sentence that contains the possibility of correct or incorrect.

A. Kalam purpose Khabari
• Faidah al-khabar: for people who do not know at all
• Lazimal Faidah: for people who understand the content of the conversation sdh
Development, for the purpose of:
• Istirham ('m loved)
• Idhar al-dha'fi (showing weakness)
• Idhar al-tahassur (show remorse)
• Al-Fakhr (pride)
• Encouragement of work / do hard


B. The types of Kalam Khabari
• Mukhatthab the uninitiated (khaalidz dzihni) - ibtida'i
• Mukhatthab doubt (mutariddid adzdzihni) - thalabi
• Mukhatthab who refused (inkari) - inkari

C. Deviation Kalam Khabari
• Kalam thalabi used to mukhatthab khaalidz dzihni
• Kalam ibtida'I used to mukhatthab inkari

KALAM INSYA'I
• Kalam insya'I is a word of that after the speech was spoken not be judged true or false. Kalam Kalam khabari insya'I is the opposite.
• Kalam insya'i: (1) insya'I thalabi: amar, nahyu, istifham, tamanni, and Nida ', (2) insya'I ghair thalabi: ta'ajjub, Madz al-Dzamm, qasam, the words af'alur preceded the king. Who both entered the discussion of science is ill Ma'ani



A. Amar
• Amar is a demand to do something from a higher to a lower. Amr is customary for:
o ficil amr,
o ficil mudhari the lam with amr,
o isim ficil amar, and
o mashdar ficil replacement.

B. Nahyu
• Nahyu is the requirement of the act left something higher. Indigenous nahyu are:
o Fill mudhari 'previously entered lam nahyi

C. Istifham
• Istifham is demanding knowledge about something. Customs that can be used:
o It
o A
o Ma
o Man
o Eye
o Ayyana
o Kaifa
o Aina
o Anna
o Thurs
o ayyu

• Hamzah as customary istifham has two meanings:
o Tashawwuri: simplex meaningful answers. Istifham phrase that asks the knowledge of something that is simplex = istifham tasawwuri
o Tashdiq: penisbatan something over another
• Man = to ask people
• Ma = to ask something that is not sensible. To request an explanation about something or the nature of things
• Eyes = used to ask for an explanation of the time (past and present)
• Ayyaana = used to request an explanation regarding the future. This word is usually used to challenge
• Kaifa = used to ask how something
• Aina = used to ask where
• It = to ask penisbatan something else (tashdiq) or the opposite. Know the ratio or morbidly Mutakallim Musnad and Musnad ilaihnya. Customary things can not get into nafyu, mudhari meaning now, terms, letters athaf. Moderate hamzah can.
• Anna = (1) mean the same thing with Kaifa, (2) meaningful Aina, (3) mean the same thing with the eyes
• Thurs = istifham whose meaning is customary to ask the amount that is still vague. Also to ask for things to do with time, place, circumstances, amount, whether rational or not
• Ayyu = used to inquire by specifying one of two things riding association.
• Deviation Istifham:
o For the purposes of amar
o For the purposes nahyu
o For the purpose taswiyah (equating the two terms)
o For the purpose nafyu (negation)
o For the purpose inkar (rejection)
o For the purpose tasywiq (push)
o For the purpose of strengthening
o For the purpose ta'dzim (magnify)
o For the purpose tahqir (merrendahkan)
o For the purpose taajjub (admire)
o For the purpose Alwa'id (threat)
o For the purpose tamanni (expectations which could not be fulfilled)

D. Nida '= Call
• Nida is a demand mutakallim who want someone else to face him. Indigenous commonly used to call are: a, ay, yes, aa, AAI, ayaa, hayaa, and waa
• a and ay to munada close
• other than for a far munada
• specially for ya can for the near and far
• Sometimes munada far used a custom Nida or vv (because it is considered there is the proximity of the liver)
• Sometimes a close munada considered much (because it could be considered the height munada, dignity or modesty, negligence, freezing heart)
• Diversion of meaning Nida:
o For advice, carrying, pushing, fun
o loud warning / prevent
o Regret, kresahan, pain
o Please help / istighotsah
Lamentations o / plaintive
o Have mercy
o Feeling pity, regret
o astonishment or admiration
o Confused and nervous (not satisfied, petulant, bored)
Given o-remember
o Specialize (Zahir said after isim isim permissible in order to explain it. It has a purpose: (1) tafakhur = plume, (2) tawadhu '= humble.

E. Tamanni
• Tamanni (daydream) is a sentence that serves to express a desire for something diskai but it is not possible to be able to achieve
• According to the terms Balaghah: demanding something to be desired, but not impossible. Impossibility of the realization of something that could happen because it is impossible to happen or something that might well be, but not optimal in achieving it. Expression also possible but not realized its full potential for lack of trying.

FASHL AND WASHL
• Fashl lexically meaningful 'cut, split, fire, weaning'. In the terminology is not mengathafkan a sentence with other sentences
• Washl lexically means 'to collect or combine'. In terminological is mengathafkan one sentence with the previous sentence through letters athaf
• Fashl used in three places:
• If between the first and second sentence there is a perfect relationship. The second sentence serves as a taukid or explanatory, or substitute for the first sentence,
• Between the first and second sentence contradicts
• The second sentence as an answer to the first
• Washl used in three places:
• The situation between the two sentences together i'rab
• There is concern the emergence of a misunderstanding if you do not use letters athaf
• Both the number of equally or equally khobari insya'i and have a perfect relationship

QASHR
• Qashr lexically means 'prison'. In terminological is something over the other specializes in a certain way
• Qashar has four elements:
o Maqshur (shaped properties or maushuf)
o Magshur alaih (shaped properties or maushuf)
o Maqshur anhu that is something that is outside the excluded
o Indigenous qashr.
Illa YAFUUZU LAA AL-MUJIDDU.
YAFUUZU = MAQSHUR; AL-MUJIDDU = MAQSHUR alaih;
ADDITION AL-MUJIDDU = MAQSHUR anhu; LA AND illa = ADAT
QASHR

A. Types Qashr
• An examination of the relationship between statements and reality:
o Qashr essential: if the meaning and essence of the statement they will describe something real. TSB statement is universal, episodic contextual, and is estimated to cut no statement or an exemption who denied again after the declaration page. (La ilaha illa GOD)
o Qashr idhafi: qashr expression is relative. Maqshur alaih specialism in this qashr expression is limited to maqshurnya, not the other kind (WAMAA MUHAMMADUN illa APOSTLES QAD KHALAT QABLIHIR RUSUL MIN)

• Judging from the two main elements (maqshur and maqshur alaih):
o Qashar maushuf la nature (Nature devoted only to maushuf)
o la Qashr maushuf sifah (maushuf devoted only to properties)

Note: The nature here is ma'nawiyah; not isim properties in the context Nahwu.

B. The preparation technique Qashr
• Use the words who describe specialization directly (using the word qashr and khushush)
• Using the argument outside the text, such as reasoning, sensory feelings, experiences, or based on predictions that are supported by specific indicators.
• Using a custom qashar:
An o-wal nafyu istitsna '(negation and exclusion
o Innama (only)
o Athaf with the letter He, bales, lakinna
- Laa meaningful issue ma 'thuf of the law in effect for ma'thuf alaih. Position maqshur and maqshur alaih before the letter athaf "laa". Use of menqashar hrs laa to qualify: (1) ma'thufnya simplex bkn number, (2) preceded by the expression of consent, amar, or Nida '(3) preceding clause does not justify the subsequent expression
- The word "bal" = in a meaningful qashr idhrab (repeal the law of the first and assign to the latter). Alaih maqshur its position is located after the word "bal". The requirements: (1) ma'thuf is simplex, bkn number, (2) preceded by the expression of consent, amar, or Nida.
- The word "lakinna" became a custom function as istidrak qashar. This word is the same function as "bales"

Ijaz, ITHNAB, AND Musawah
• Ijaz lexically meaningful 'summarize'. In terms of Balaghah: collecting a lot of meaning by using a little pronunciation
• Efficiency sentence (Ijaz) there are two ways:
o Qashar = summarize
o Hadzaf = throw (can be letters, words, phrases, or sentences)
• Ithnab lexically meaningful 'exaggerate'. In terms of pronunciation adds to its meaning. Or bring meaning to the words that exceed what has been known by many people
• Five forms ithnab:
o Mention the special after the general
o Mention that after a special general
o Describe something common
o Repetition of words or sentences
o Insert a blank
• Musawah lexically means 'same' or 'comparable'. In the terminology is an expression of meaning through pronunciation is worth it, do not add and not subtract.

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